Materials

Dispensers and materials are not always interchangeable.  Epoxy resins commonly consist of two components, a base and a catalyst.  Polyurethanes are often one component with an optional accelerator.  The correct mix ratio and mixing of epoxy resin is critical.  If not properly metered and mixed the end product will be far removed from the specified strengths and result in a failed repair.  Therefore, an accurate dispenser is required.  Since polyurethanes are not structural in nature and are simply used as a water stop, mix ratio and mixing is not as critical.  A simple pump is adequate. 
 
Polyurethane Grouts - are most used to seal actively leaking cracks.  Since flowing water from a crack will prevent the application of a surface seal for an epoxy injection application, polyurethanes are often used.  Most hydrophobic polyurethanes expand quickly when they come into contact with water. This rapid expansion seals the crack from further leakage.  Accelerators can be added for even faster expansion when dealing with high rates of flow. This product is commonly used in basements, elevator pits, water and wastewater tanks and even dams.  The CP-5 Grouter is our simple, hand-operated pump used for polyurethane injection.  Injection pressures of more than 3,000 psi can be achieved.
 
Epoxy Resin - Low to medium viscosity resins are the most commonly used resins for the structural repairs of cracked concrete.  The selected resin is metered, mixed and injected under pressure to fill the cracks.  It is contained within the crack with a surface seal material until it has cured.   Epoxy injection is used for almost any repair of cracks in dams, foundations, parking garages, concrete reservoirs and buildings.  It is especially popular following earthquakes where significant cracking occurs.  Medium viscosity resins are used for high friction surfaces and bridge deck and parking garage slab overlays.  The resin is dispensed onto the prepared surface at the prescribed thickness and then an aggregate is broadcast into the wet resin.  One or two coat applications are applied.  The resulting layer enhances skid resistance and creates a waterproof barrier.  
 
Epoxy Paste - The injection of an epoxy paste is a very limited application.  It is most often used when the backside of a concrete member cannot be sealed, and the crack is wide enough to allow the resin to drain from the crack.  The injection process is the same for a low viscosity resin, but it does require a special dispenser.  Larger dispense hoses and mixers are needed to transport the material to the cracks.  A higher-pressure delivery system is also needed to supply the mixing dispenser with the raw materials. The material must be abrasive-free.
 
Adhesives - Epoxies and polyurethanes are adhesive.
 
Primers - Often a primer is required before applying an epoxy overlay to improve the bond to the substrate.  This is most often a very low viscosity resin which enables it to wick into the substrate creating a strong link to the overlay resin.
 
Healer/Sealers - are very thin resins used to gravity fill cracks on a horizontal surface.  The material also seals the deck from the penetration of water and chlorides.
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